More headwinds for Israel in Brussels
Germany's decision to partially halt arms exports to Israel surprised many in Brussels, as Berlin had so far refused to impose any sanctions on Israel. This move could push the European Union's position further towards opposing Israel, especially in light of the rising calls for action regarding the war in Gaza. Germany is the largest arms supplier to Israel within the European Union, followed by Italy, while other countries play a limited role in its military supply.
Italy's Prime Minister, Giorgia Meloni, has taken a cautious approach, opposing the recognition of a Palestinian state before it is actually in existence, but she supported a call from 25 countries for an immediate halt to the war in Gaza last July—a call that Germany did not support. Although EU institutions are unlikely to issue official statements regarding Berlin's decision, officials in Brussels are closely monitoring what is happening in the largest member state of the Union.
In recent weeks, the European Union has prepared several measures to pressure Israel to accept a ceasefire and allow more humanitarian aid into Gaza. The EU's High Representative for Foreign Affairs, Kaja Kallas, described the situation in Gaza as 'still horrific,' emphasizing that 'as long as the situation does not improve, we have all not done enough.' Kallas suggested imposing trade restrictions, banning the entry of Israeli figures, imposing sanctions on specific politicians, and restricting arms shipments. Germany's recent step represents the implementation of one of the most important of these proposals.
Some measures, such as suspending the partnership agreement between the European Union and Israel, require the approval of all member states, which could complicate trade with Israel's most important trading partner. However, some countries have made unilateral decisions: the Netherlands banned the entry of two Israeli ministers, a court in Belgium prohibited the supply of military equipment, and France—along with Spain and Ireland—recognized the State of Palestine. Meanwhile, German Foreign Minister Johan Fadipol still opposes recognition.
The European Union has long been divided over Middle East policy, but Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's announcement of his intention to take control of the city of Gaza may push European public opinion further against him. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen described the humanitarian situation as 'unbearable,' while Spanish Commissioner Teresa Ribera referred to what is happening as genocide. The question remains whether Netanyahu will be influenced by the decisions and words of Europeans, especially since his strongest ally is not in Brussels or Berlin, but in Washington.